Lapho ukhetha umshini wokugcwalisa wephrojekthi yokwenza imishini, kunezici ezimbalwa ezibalulekile okufanele zicatshangelwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle nokuphila isikhathi eside kwethuluzi. Ukukhetha okulungile kuncike ezicini ezahlukahlukene zezinto ezenziwa ngomshini, okukhiphayo okufunayo, namandla omshini wokugaya.
1. Izinto ezizokwenziwa ngomshini:Ukukhethwa kwempahla yokugaya kuncike kakhulu ezintweni ezenziwa ngomshini. Isibonelo, izigayo zokugcina zensimbi enesivinini esiphezulu (HSS) zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza izinto ezithambile ezifana ne-aluminium, kuyilapho izigayo ze-carbide zifaneleka kangcono izinto eziqinile njengensimbi engagqwali ngenxa yokuqina kwazo okuphezulu nokumelana nokushisa. Izigqoko ezifana ne-Titanium Nitride (TiN) noma i-Titanium Aluminium Nitride (TiAlN) zingathuthukisa impilo yethuluzi ngokunciphisa ukungqubuzana nokwandisa ukumelana nokuguga.
2.Ububanzi Nobude Bokusika:Ububanzi nobude begayo lokugcina kuthinta kokubili ukuphela kokusikwa kanye nekhono lethuluzi lokususa izinto. Amadayamitha amakhulu ahlinzeka ngethuluzi eliqinile kodwa angase angafaneleki imininingwane eyinkimbinkimbi noma emihle. Ubude bokusika budinga ukufana nokujula kwento eyenziwa ngomshini, nobude obude obusetshenziselwa ukusikeka okujulile. Kodwa-ke, izigayo zokugcina ezinde zingaba lula ekudlidlizeni nasekuphambukeni, kube nomthelela kwikhwalithi yokuqeda.
3.Inombolo Yemitshingo:Imitshingo yesigayo yiwona onqenqemeni olususa izinto. Inombolo yemitshingo ithinta ikhwalithi yokuqeda, ukuphuma kwe-chip, nezinga lokuphakelayo. Imitshingo embalwa ivumela ukulayishwa kwe-chip emikhulu, okuyinzuzo ezintweni ezifana ne-aluminium. Ngokuphambene, imitshingo eminingi yenza isiphetho esihle futhi ivame ukusetshenziselwa izinto eziqinile. Kodwa-ke, imitshingo eminingi inganciphisa isikhala se-chip, okuholela ekwakhekeni kokushisa nokugqoka kwamathuluzi ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
4.Uhlobo Lokusika:Izigayo zenzelwe izinhlobo ezithile zokusikeka. Izigayo zokuphela ezimangelengele, ngokwesibonelo, zinemiphetho eyisiyingi esusa inani elikhulu lezinto ngokushesha kodwa ezinomkhawulo oqinile. Izigayo zokuqeda, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zinemiphetho ebushelelezi futhi zisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza isiphetho esihle kakhulu. Ukukhetha phakathi kwamathuluzi ama-roughing kanye nokuqeda kuncike esiteji somshini kanye nekhwalithi yendawo efunwayo.
5.Amakhono omshini kanye ne-spindle:Amakhono omshini wokugaya, ikakhulukazi ukuphotha kwawo, adlala indima ebalulekile ekukhetheni umshini wokugaya. Izinto ezifana nesivinini sokuphotha, amandla ehhashi, netorque zikhawulela usayizi nohlobo lwesigayo sokugcina esingasetshenziswa ngempumelelo. I-spindle enesivinini esikhulu ingakwazi ukuphatha izigayo ezincane, ezilula, kanti i-spindle enesivinini esiphansi, i-torque ephezulu ingcono kumagayo amakhulu.
6.Isivinini sokusika kanye nezinga lokuphakelayo:Isivinini sokusika kanye nezinga lokuphakelayo yizici ezibalulekile ekukhetheni isigayo njengoba zinquma ikhono lethuluzi lokususa izinto ngendlela efanele ngaphandle kokudala umonakalo. Lawa mazinga ayahluka ngokuya ngezinto ezenziwa ngomshini kanye nohlobo lokusikwa. Isibonelo, izinto ezithambile zingenziwa ngomshini ngesivinini esiphezulu ngamanani okuphakelayo anolaka, kuyilapho izinto eziqinile zidinga isivinini esinesivinini kanye nokuphakelayo okuqaphile.
7.Ukupholisa kanye Nokugcobisa:Ukusetshenziswa kwe-coolant noma i-lubricant kungathinta kakhulu ukusebenza kwesigayo sokuphela. Izinto ezipholile zisiza ukususa ukushisa futhi zinciphise ukuguga kwamathuluzi, ikakhulukazi ekusikekeni okude noma okujulile. Ezinye izigayo ziklanywe ngamashaneli ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukugeleza kokupholisa kuze kufike ekugcineni.
8.Ithuluzi leJiyomethri:Ijiyomethri yesigayo sokuphela, okuhlanganisa i-engeli yemitshingo kanye nokuma konqenqema lokusika, nayo idlala indima ebalulekile. Izigayo zokuphela kwe-helix eziguquguqukayo, isibonelo, zinganciphisa ukudlidliza, okuzuzisayo lapho kwenziwa ama-overhang amade noma izingxenye ezinezindonga ezincane.
9.Ukulungiswa kwe-Workpiece kanye Nokuqina:Ukuthi i-workpiece ivikeleke kanjani kanye nokuqina okuphelele kokusetha kungaba nomthelela ekukhethweni kwesigayo sokuphela. Ukusethwa okungaqinile kancane kungase kudinge ithuluzi elinobubanzi obuwumgogodla omkhulu ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuchezuka.
10. Ukucatshangelwa Kwezomnotho:Okokugcina, izici zomnotho ezifana nezindleko zethuluzi ngokuqhathaniswa neminyaka yokuphila elindelekile, kanye nezindleko zengxenye ngayinye eyenziwe ngomshini, nazo kufanele zicatshangelwe. Izigayo zokugcina ezisebenza kahle kakhulu zingase zibe nezindleko zokuqala eziphakeme kodwa zingaholela ezindlekweni eziphansi zokuwenza ngenxa yempilo ende yamathuluzi kanye nesivinini somshini esisheshayo.
Sengiphetha, ukukhethwa kwesigayo sokugcina kudinga ukuqonda okuphelele kwezinto okufanele zenziwe ngomshini, indawo yomshini, kanye nomphumela ofisayo. Ngokucubungula lezi zici ngokucophelela, ochwepheshe bemishini bangakhetha isigayo esifanele kakhulu, okuholela ekususweni okusebenzayo okusebenzayo, ukuphela kwendawo efanele, kanye nempilo yamathuluzi eyandisiwe.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-19-2023
