1. HRA

*Indlela yoVavanyo kunye noMgaqo:

-Uvavanyo lobunzima be-HRA lusebenzisa i-indenter ye-diamond cone, icinezelwe kwindawo yezinto eziphathekayo phantsi komthwalo we-60 kg. Ixabiso lobunzima lichongwa ngokulinganisa ubunzulu be-indent.

*Iintlobo zezinto eziFanayo:

-Ikakhulu ifanelekile kwizinto ezinzima kakhulu, ezifana ne-carbides ene-cemented, intsimbi encinci, kunye neengubo ezinzima.

*Iimeko zeSicelo esiQhelekileyo:

-Ukulawulwa komgangatho kunye nokuvavanywa kobunzima bezixhobo ze-carbide ze-cemented, kubandakanywaUqheliso oluqinileyo lwe-carbide.

-Uvavanyo lobunzima beengubo eziqinileyo kunye nonyango lwangaphezulu.

-Izicelo zamashishini ezibandakanya imathiriyeli enzima kakhulu.

* Iimpawu kunye nezinto eziluncedo:

-Ifanelekile kwizinto eziNcinci kakhulu: Isikali se-HRA sifanelekile ngokukodwa ukulinganisa ubunzima bezinto ezinzima kakhulu, ukubonelela ngeziphumo zovavanyo ezichanekileyo.

-Ukuchaneka okuphezulu: I-indenter ye-diamond cone inika imilinganiselo echanekileyo kunye neyokuhambelana.

-Ukuphindaphinda okuphezulu: Indlela yokuvavanya iqinisekisa iziphumo ezizinzileyo neziphindaphindayo.

*Iingqwalasela okanye imida:

-Ukulungiselela iSampuli: Umphezulu wesampulu kufuneka ube mpuluswa kwaye ucoceke ukuqinisekisa iziphumo ezichanekileyo.

-Ukugcinwa kwezixhobo: Ukulinganisa rhoqo kunye nokugcinwa kwezixhobo zokuvavanya kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka nokuthembeka.

2. IHRB

*Indlela yoVavanyo kunye noMgaqo:

-Uvavanyo lobunzima be-HRB lusebenzisa i-indenter yebhola ye-intshi ye-1/16, icinezelwe kwindawo yezinto eziphathekayo phantsi komthwalo we-100 kg. Ixabiso lobunzima lichongwa ngokulinganisa ubunzulu be-indent.

*Iintlobo zezinto eziFanayo:

-Ikakhulu ifanelekile kwiintsimbi ezithambileyo, ezinjenge-aluminiyam, ubhedu, kunye neentsimbi ezithambileyo.

*Iimeko zeSicelo esiQhelekileyo:

-Ukulawulwa komgangatho kunye nokuvavanya ubulukhuni besinyithi esingenawo isinyithi kunye neemveliso zetsimbi ezithambileyo.

-Uvavanyo lobunzima beemveliso zeplastiki.

-Uvavanyo lwezinto eziphathekayo kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokuvelisa.

* Iimpawu kunye nezinto eziluncedo:

-Ifanelekile kwiintsimbi ezithambileyo: Isikali se-HRB sifanelekile ngokukodwa ukulinganisa ubulukhuni besinyithi esithambileyo, ukubonelela ngeziphumo zovavanyo ezichanekileyo.

-Umthwalo ophakathi: Usebenzisa umthwalo ophakathi (i-100 kg) ukunqanda ukujula ngokugqithisileyo kwizinto ezithambileyo.

-Ukuphindaphinda okuphezulu: I-indenter yebhola yensimbi ibonelela ngeziphumo zovavanyo ezizinzileyo kunye neziphindaphindayo.

*Iingqwalasela okanye imida:

-Ukulungiselela iSampuli: Umphezulu wesampulu kufuneka ube mpuluswa kwaye ucoceke ukuqinisekisa iziphumo ezichanekileyo.

-Ukulinganiselwa kwezinto: Ayifanelekanga kwizinto ezinzima kakhulu, ezifanaUqheliso oluqinileyo lwe-carbide, njengoko i-indenter yebhola yensimbi inokonakala okanye ivelise iziphumo ezingalunganga.

-Ukugcinwa kwezixhobo: Ukulinganisa rhoqo kunye nokugcinwa kwezixhobo zokuvavanya kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka nokuthembeka.

1. 3.HRC

*Indlela yoVavanyo kunye noMgaqo:

-Uvavanyo lobunzima be-HRC lusebenzisa i-indenter ye-diamond cone, icinezelwe kwindawo yezinto eziphathekayo phantsi komthwalo we-150 kg. Ixabiso lobunzima lichongwa ngokulinganisa ubunzulu be-indent.

*Iintlobo zezinto eziFanayo:

-Ikakhulu ifanelekile kwiintsimbi ezinzima kunye ne-alloys enzima.

*Iimeko zeSicelo esiQhelekileyo:

-Ukulawulwa komgangatho kunye nokuvavanya ubulukhuni beentsimbi ezilukhuni, ezifanaUqheliso oluqinileyo lwe-carbidekunye neentsimbi zesixhobo.

-Uvavanyo lobunzima bokuphosa okuqinileyo kunye ne-forging.

-Izicelo zamashishini ezibandakanya imathiriyeli enzima.

* Iimpawu kunye nezinto eziluncedo:

-Ifanelekile kwizinto eziphathekayo: Isikali se-HRC sifanelekile ngokukhethekileyo ukulinganisa ubunzima beentsimbi ezinzima kunye ne-alloys, ukubonelela ngeziphumo zovavanyo ezichanekileyo.

-Umthwalo ophezulu: Usebenzisa umthwalo ophezulu (i-150 kg), ufanelekile kwizinto ezinobunzima obuphezulu.

-Ukuphindaphinda okuphezulu: I-indenter ye-diamond cone ibonelela ngeziphumo zovavanyo ezizinzileyo kunye neziphindaphindayo.

*Iingqwalasela okanye imida:

-Ukulungiselela iSampuli: Umphezulu wesampulu kufuneka ube mpuluswa kwaye ucoceke ukuqinisekisa iziphumo ezichanekileyo.

-Unyino lweMaterial: Ayizifanelanga izixhobo ezithambileyo njengoko umthwalo ophezulu unokubangela ukuhlehla okugqithisileyo.

-Ukugcinwa kwezixhobo: Ukulinganisa rhoqo kunye nokugcinwa kwezixhobo zokuvavanya kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka nokuthembeka.

4.HRD

*Indlela yoVavanyo kunye noMgaqo:

-Uvavanyo lobulukhuni be-HRD lusebenzisa i-indenter ye-diamond cone, icinezelwe kwindawo yezinto eziphathekayo phantsi komthwalo we-100 kg. Ixabiso lobunzima lichongwa ngokulinganisa ubunzulu be-indent.

*Iintlobo zezinto eziFanayo:

-Ikakhulu ifanelekile kwiintsimbi ezinzima kunye ne-alloys eqinile.

*Iimeko zeSicelo esiQhelekileyo:

-Ukulawulwa komgangatho kunye nokuvavanywa kobunzima besinyithi esinzima kunye ne-alloys.

-Uvavanyo lobunzima bezixhobo kunye namalungu omatshini.

-Izicelo zamashishini ezibandakanya imathiriyeli enzima.

* Iimpawu kunye nezinto eziluncedo:

-Ifanelekile kwizinto eziphathekayo: Isikali se-HRD sifanelekile ngokukodwa ukulinganisa ubulukhuni besinyithi kunye ne-alloys, ukubonelela ngeziphumo zovavanyo ezichanekileyo.

-Ukuchaneka okuphezulu: I-indenter ye-diamond cone inika imilinganiselo echanekileyo kunye neyokuhambelana.

-Ukuphindaphinda okuphezulu: Indlela yokuvavanya iqinisekisa iziphumo ezizinzileyo neziphindaphindayo.

*Iingqwalasela okanye imida:

-Ukulungiselela iSampuli: Umphezulu wesampulu kufuneka ube mpuluswa kwaye ucoceke ukuqinisekisa iziphumo ezichanekileyo.

-Unyino lweMaterial: Ayizifanelanga izixhobo ezithambileyo njengoko umthwalo ophezulu unokubangela ukuhlehla okugqithisileyo.

-Ukugcinwa kwezixhobo: Ukulinganisa rhoqo kunye nokugcinwa kwezixhobo zokuvavanya kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka nokuthembeka.

5.HRH

*Indlela yoVavanyo kunye noMgaqo:

-Uvavanyo lobunzima be-HRH lusebenzisa i-indenter yebhola ye-intshi ye-1/8, icinezelwe kwindawo yezinto eziphathekayo phantsi komthwalo we-60 kg. Ixabiso lobunzima lichongwa ngokulinganisa ubunzulu be-indent.

*Iintlobo zezinto eziFanayo:

-Ikakhulu ifanelekile kwizinto ezithambileyo zetsimbi, ezifana ne-aluminiyam, ubhedu, ii-alloys ezikhokelayo, kunye neentsimbi ezithile ezingenayo i-ferrous.

*Iimeko zeSicelo esiQhelekileyo:

-Ukulawulwa komgangatho kunye nokuvavanywa kobunzima besinyithi esikhanyayo kunye ne-alloys.

-Uvavanyo lobunzima be-aluminiyam kunye neenxalenye ze-die-cast.

-Uvavanyo lwezinto eziphathekayo kumashishini ombane kunye nombane.

* Iimpawu kunye nezinto eziluncedo:

-Ifanelekile kwizinto ezithambileyo: Isikali se-HRH sifanelekile ngokukodwa ukulinganisa ubulukhuni bezinto ezithambileyo zetsimbi, ukubonelela ngeziphumo zovavanyo ezichanekileyo.

-Umthwalo osezantsi: Usebenzisa umthwalo ophantsi (i-60 kg) ukunqanda ukufakwa ngokugqithisileyo kwizinto ezithambileyo.

-Ukuphindaphinda okuphezulu: I-indenter yebhola yensimbi ibonelela ngeziphumo zovavanyo ezizinzileyo kunye neziphindaphindayo.

*Iingqwalasela okanye imida:

-Ukulungiselela iSampuli: Umphezulu wesampulu kufuneka ube mpuluswa kwaye ucoceke ukuqinisekisa iziphumo ezichanekileyo.

-Ukulinganiselwa kwezinto: Ayifanelekanga kwizinto ezinzima kakhulu, ezifanaUqheliso oluqinileyo lwe-carbide, njengoko i-indenter yebhola yensimbi inokonakala okanye ivelise iziphumo ezingalunganga.

-Ukugcinwa kwezixhobo: Ukulinganisa rhoqo kunye nokugcinwa kwezixhobo zokuvavanya kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka nokuthembeka.

6.HRK

*Indlela yoVavanyo kunye noMgaqo:

-Uvavanyo lobunzima be-HRK lusebenzisa i-indenter yebhola ye-1/8 intshi, icinezelwe kwindawo yezinto eziphathekayo phantsi komthwalo we-150 kg. Ixabiso lobunzima lichongwa ngokulinganisa ubunzulu be-indent.

*Iintlobo zezinto eziFanayo:

-Ikakhulu ifanelekile kwi-medium-hard ukuya kwizinto ezinzima zetsimbi, ezifana neentsimbi ezithile, isinyithi esityhidiweyo, kunye ne-alloys eqinile.

*Iimeko zeSicelo esiQhelekileyo:

-Ukulawulwa komgangatho kunye nokuvavanya ubunzima bentsimbi kunye nentsimbi.

-Uvavanyo lobunzima bezixhobo kunye namalungu omatshini.

-Izicelo zamashishini zemathiriyeli yobulukhuni obuphakathi ukuya phezulu.

* Iimpawu kunye nezinto eziluncedo:

-Ukusetyenziswa okubanzi: Isikali se-HRK sifanelekile kwizinto zetsimbi ezinobunzima obuphakathi ukuya kobunzima, ukubonelela ngeziphumo zovavanyo ezichanekileyo.

-Umthwalo ophezulu: Usebenzisa umthwalo ophezulu (i-150 kg), ufanelekile kwizinto ezinobunzima obuphezulu.

-Ukuphindaphinda okuphezulu: I-indenter yebhola yensimbi ibonelela ngeziphumo zovavanyo ezizinzileyo kunye neziphindaphindayo.

*Iingqwalasela okanye imida:

-Ukulungiselela iSampuli: Umphezulu wesampulu kufuneka ube mpuluswa kwaye ucoceke ukuqinisekisa iziphumo ezichanekileyo.

-Unyino lweMaterial: Ayizifanelanga izixhobo ezithambileyo njengoko umthwalo ophezulu unokubangela ukuhlehla okugqithisileyo.

-Ukugcinwa kwezixhobo: Ukulinganisa rhoqo kunye nokugcinwa kwezixhobo zokuvavanya kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka nokuthembeka.

7.HRL

*Indlela yoVavanyo kunye noMgaqo:

-Uvavanyo lobunzima be-HRL lusebenzisa i-indenter yebhola ye-intshi ye-1/4, icinezelwe kwindawo yezinto eziphathekayo phantsi komthwalo we-60 kg. Ixabiso lobunzima lichongwa ngokulinganisa ubunzulu be-indent.

*Iintlobo zezinto eziFanayo:

-Ikakhulu ifanelekile kwizinto ezithambileyo zetsimbi kunye neeplastiki ezithile, njenge-aluminiyam, ubhedu, i-alloys ekhokelayo, kunye nezixhobo ezithile zeplastiki ezinobunzima obuphantsi.

*Iimeko zeSicelo esiQhelekileyo:

-Ukulawulwa komgangatho kunye nokuvavanywa kobunzima besinyithi esikhanyayo kunye ne-alloys.

-Uvavanyo lobunzima beemveliso zeplastiki kunye neenxalenye.

-Uvavanyo lwezinto eziphathekayo kumashishini ombane kunye nombane.

* Iimpawu kunye nezinto eziluncedo:

-Ifanelekile kwizinto ezithambileyo: Isikali se-HRL sifanelekile ngokukodwa ukulinganisa ubulukhuni besinyithi esithambileyo kunye nezixhobo zeplastiki, ukubonelela ngeziphumo zovavanyo ezichanekileyo.

-Umthwalo ophantsi: Usebenzisa umthwalo ophantsi (i-60 kg) ukuphepha ukunyanzeliswa okugqithisileyo kwizinto ezithambileyo.

-Ukuphindaphinda okuphezulu: I-indenter yebhola yensimbi ibonelela ngeziphumo zovavanyo ezizinzileyo kunye neziphindaphindayo.

*Iingqwalasela okanye imida:

-Ukulungiselela iSampuli: Umphezulu wesampulu kufuneka ube mpuluswa kwaye ucoceke ukuqinisekisa iziphumo ezichanekileyo.

-Ukulinganiselwa kwezinto: Ayifanelekanga kwizinto ezinzima kakhulu, ezifanaUqheliso oluqinileyo lwe-carbide, njengoko i-indenter yebhola yensimbi inokonakala okanye ivelise iziphumo ezingalunganga.

-Ukugcinwa kwezixhobo: Ukulinganisa rhoqo kunye nokugcinwa kwezixhobo zokuvavanya kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka nokuthembeka.

8.HRM

*Indlela yoVavanyo kunye noMgaqo:

-Uvavanyo lobunzima be-HRM lusebenzisa i-indenter yebhola ye-intshi ye-1/4, icinezelwe kwindawo yezinto eziphathekayo phantsi komthwalo we-100 kg. Ixabiso lobunzima lichongwa ngokulinganisa ubunzulu be-indent.

*Iintlobo zezinto eziFanayo:

-Ikakhulu ifanelekile kwizinto zetsimbi ezinobunzima obuphakathi kunye neeplastiki ezithile, ezifana ne-aluminium, ubhedu, ii-alloys ezikhokelayo, kunye nezixhobo zeplastiki ezinobunzima obuphakathi.

*Iimeko zeSicelo esiQhelekileyo:

-Ukulawulwa komgangatho kunye novavanyo lobunzima bokukhanya ukuya kwiintsimbi ezilukhuni kunye ne-alloys.

-Uvavanyo lobunzima beemveliso zeplastiki kunye neenxalenye.

-Uvavanyo lwezinto eziphathekayo kumashishini ombane kunye nombane.

* Iimpawu kunye nezinto eziluncedo:

-Ifanelekile kwizinto eziPhakathi ezinobunzima: Isikali se-HRM sifanelekile ngokukodwa ukulinganisa ubulukhuni bentsimbi ephakathi kunye nezixhobo zeplastiki, ukubonelela ngeziphumo zovavanyo ezichanekileyo.

-Umthwalo ophakathi: Usebenzisa umthwalo ophakathi (i-100 kg) ukuphepha ukunyanzeliswa ngokugqithisileyo kwizinto ezinobunzima obuphakathi.

-Ukuphindaphinda okuphezulu: I-indenter yebhola yensimbi ibonelela ngeziphumo zovavanyo ezizinzileyo kunye neziphindaphindayo.

*Iingqwalasela okanye imida:

-Ukulungiselela iSampuli: Umphezulu wesampulu kufuneka ube mpuluswa kwaye ucoceke ukuqinisekisa iziphumo ezichanekileyo.

-Ukulinganiselwa kwezinto: Ayifanelekanga kwizinto ezinzima kakhulu, ezifanaUqheliso oluqinileyo lwe-carbide, njengoko i-indenter yebhola yensimbi inokonakala okanye ivelise iziphumo ezingalunganga.

-Ukugcinwa kwezixhobo: Ukulinganisa rhoqo kunye nokugcinwa kwezixhobo zokuvavanya kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka nokuthembeka.

9.HRR

*Indlela yoVavanyo kunye noMgaqo:

-Uvavanyo lobunzima be-HRR lusebenzisa i-indenter yebhola ye-intshi ye-1/2, icinezelwe kwindawo yezinto eziphathekayo phantsi komthwalo we-60 kg. Ixabiso lobunzima lichongwa ngokulinganisa ubunzulu be-indent.

*Iintlobo zezinto eziFanayo:

-Ikakhulu ifanelekile kwizinto ezithambileyo zetsimbi kunye neeplastiki ezithile, ezifana ne-aluminium, ubhedu, ii-alloys ezikhokelayo, kunye nezixhobo zeplastiki ezinobunzima obuphantsi.

*Iimeko zeSicelo esiQhelekileyo:

-Ukulawulwa komgangatho kunye nokuvavanywa kobunzima besinyithi esikhanyayo kunye ne-alloys.

-Uvavanyo lobunzima beemveliso zeplastiki kunye neenxalenye.

-Uvavanyo lwezinto eziphathekayo kumashishini ombane kunye nombane.

* Iimpawu kunye nezinto eziluncedo:

-Ifanelekile kwiiMpahla ezithambileyo: Isikali se-HRR sifanelekile ngokukodwa ukulinganisa ubulukhuni besinyithi esithambileyo kunye nezixhobo zeplastiki, ukubonelela ngeziphumo zovavanyo ezichanekileyo.

-Umthwalo osezantsi: Usebenzisa umthwalo ophantsi (i-60 kg) ukunqanda ukufakwa ngokugqithisileyo kwizinto ezithambileyo.

-Ukuphindaphinda okuphezulu: I-indenter yebhola yensimbi ibonelela ngeziphumo zovavanyo ezizinzileyo kunye neziphindaphindayo.

*Iingqwalasela okanye imida:

-Ukulungiselela iSampuli: Umphezulu wesampulu kufuneka ube mpuluswa kwaye ucoceke ukuqinisekisa iziphumo ezichanekileyo.

-Ukulinganiselwa kwezinto: Ayifanelekanga kwizinto ezinzima kakhulu, ezifanaUqheliso oluqinileyo lwe-carbide, njengoko i-indenter yebhola yensimbi inokonakala okanye ivelise iziphumo ezingalunganga.

-Ukugcinwa kwezixhobo: Ukulinganisa rhoqo kunye nokugcinwa kwezixhobo zokuvavanya kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka nokuthembeka.

10.HRG

*Indlela yoVavanyo kunye noMgaqo:

-Uvavanyo lobunzima be-HRG lusebenzisa i-indenter yebhola yensimbi ye-1/2 intshi, icinezelwe kwindawo yezinto eziphathekayo phantsi komthwalo we-150 kg. Ixabiso lobunzima lichongwa ngokulinganisa ubunzulu be-indent.

*Iintlobo zezinto eziFanayo:

-Ikakhulu ifanelekile kwizinto ezilukhuni zetsimbi, ezifana neentsimbi ezithile, isinyithi esityhidiweyo, kunye ne-alloys eqinile.

*Iimeko zeSicelo esiQhelekileyo:

-Ukulawulwa komgangatho kunye nokuvavanya ubunzima bentsimbi kunye nentsimbi.

-Uvavanyo lobunzima bezixhobo kunye namalungu omatshini, kubandakanywaUqheliso oluqinileyo lwe-carbide.

-Izicelo zamashishini zemathiriyeli yobulukhuni obuphezulu.

* Iimpawu kunye nezinto eziluncedo:

-Ukusetyenziswa okubanzi: Isikali se-HRG sifanelekile kwizinto ezilukhuni zetsimbi, ukubonelela ngeziphumo zovavanyo ezichanekileyo.

-Umthwalo ophezulu: Usebenzisa umthwalo ophezulu (i-150 kg), ufanelekile kwizinto ezinobunzima obuphezulu.

-Ukuphindaphinda okuphezulu: I-indenter yebhola yensimbi ibonelela ngeziphumo zovavanyo ezizinzileyo kunye neziphindaphindayo.

*Iingqwalasela okanye imida:

-Ukulungiselela iSampuli: Umphezulu wesampulu kufuneka ube mpuluswa kwaye ucoceke ukuqinisekisa iziphumo ezichanekileyo.

-Unyino lweMaterial: Ayizifanelanga izixhobo ezithambileyo njengoko umthwalo ophezulu unokubangela ukuhlehla okugqithisileyo.

-Ukugcinwa kwezixhobo: Ukulinganisa rhoqo kunye nokugcinwa kwezixhobo zokuvavanya kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka nokuthembeka.

Ukuqukumbela

Izikali zobunzima beRockwell ziquka iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuvavanya ubulukhuni bezinto ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka ekuthambileyo ukuya kokuqina kakhulu. Isikali ngasinye sisebenzisa ii-identers ezahlukeneyo kunye nemithwalo yokulinganisa ubunzulu bokujongwa, ukubonelela ngeziphumo ezichanekileyo neziphindaphindwayo ezifanelekileyo kulawulo lomgangatho, ukuvelisa, kunye novavanyo lwempahla kuwo wonke amashishini ahlukeneyo. Ukugcinwa rhoqo kwezixhobo kunye nokulungiswa kwesampulu eyiyo kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni imilinganiselo ethembekileyo yobulukhuni. Umzekelo,Uqheliso oluqinileyo lwe-carbide, ngokuqhelekileyo zinzima kakhulu, zivavanywa ngcono kusetyenziswa i-HRA okanye i-HRC izikali zokuqinisekisa imilinganiselo yobunzima obuchanekileyo kunye nokuhambelana.

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