Zida Zachitsulo
Muzopanga zamakono, kusankha chida choyenera ndikofunika kwambiri kuti muwonetsetse kuti zinthu zili bwino komanso zokolola. Komabe, ngakhale "akatswiri akale m'mafakitale" nthawi zambiri amasokonekera akakumana ndi zida zambiri komanso zofunikira pakukonza makina. Kuti tithane ndi vutoli, taphatikiza chitsogozo cha zida zamakina muzinthu 50 wamba.
1. Aluminiyamu Aloyi
Aluminiyamu aloyi ndi mtundu wa aloyi wopangidwa ndi kutenga zotayidwa monga chigawo chachikulu ndi kuwonjezera zinthu zina (monga mkuwa, magnesium, pakachitsulo, nthaka, manganese, etc.). Chifukwa cha ntchito yake yabwino kwambiri, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo ambiri monga ndege, magalimoto, zomangamanga ndi ma CD.
Makhalidwe azinthu: opepuka, mphamvu zambiri, kukana dzimbiri, processability wabwino, magetsi abwino ndi matenthedwe madutsidwe.
Zida zovomerezeka: zida zachitsulo chothamanga kwambiri (HSS), zida zachitsulo cha tungsten (carbide), zida zokutira, zida zokutira diamondi (PCD), mongahss kupotoza kubowola.
2. Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi aloyi yachitsulo yomwe ili ndi chromium yosachepera 10.5%, yomwe imalimbana kwambiri ndi dzimbiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga, zida zamankhwala, ziwiya zakukhitchini ndi zida zamankhwala.
Zinthu zakuthupi: kukana kwa dzimbiri, kukana kutentha, mphamvu zamakina apamwamba, kulimba kwabwino, ntchito yabwino yowotcherera.
Zida zovomerezeka: Zida za Carbide, zida zokutira makamaka (monga TiN, TiCN). mongachobowola cholimba cha carbide.
3. Titaniyamu Aloyi
Titaniyamu ndi aloyi wopangidwa ndi titaniyamu ndi zinthu zina (mwachitsanzo, aluminiyamu, vanadium) ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzamlengalenga, m'mafakitale azachipatala ndi amankhwala chifukwa champhamvu zake, kulemera kwake komanso kukana dzimbiri.
Zinthu zakuthupi: mphamvu yayikulu, kachulukidwe kakang'ono, kukana kwa dzimbiri, kukana kutentha kwambiri, kutsika kwamphamvu kwa elasticity.
Zida zovomerezeka: Zida zapadera zopangira titaniyamu, monga zida za ceramic kapena tungsten zitsulo. Mongacarbide nsonga dzenje wodula.
4. Simenti ya carbide
Cemented carbide ndi mtundu wazinthu zophatikizika zophatikiza tungsten carbide ndi cobalt, zolimba kwambiri komanso kukana kuvala, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri podulira zida ndi ma abrasives.
Makhalidwe azinthu: kuuma kwakukulu, kulimba kwakukulu, kukana kuvala, kukana kutentha kwabwino, kukana kwambiri kusinthika.
Zida zovomerezeka: PCD (polycrystalline diamondi) kapena CBN (cubic boron nitride) zida.
5. Mkuwa
Brass ndi aloyi yopangidwa ndi mkuwa ndi zinki, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga magetsi, mapaipi ndi zida zoimbira chifukwa cha makina ake abwino kwambiri komanso kukana dzimbiri.
Makhalidwe azinthu: makina abwino, kukana kwa dzimbiri, magetsi abwino ndi matenthedwe matenthedwe, kukana kuvala.
Zida zovomerezeka: zitsulo zothamanga kwambiri (HSS) kapena tungsten zitsulo (carbide) zida, zomwe zimatha kuphimbidwa kuti zithandizire kukana kuvala. mongaMtengo wapatali wa magawo HSS.
6. Ma aloyi opangidwa ndi Nickel
Ma aloyi opangidwa ndi nickel ndi ma alloys apamwamba kwambiri opangidwa ndi faifi tambala kuphatikiza chromium, molybdenum ndi zinthu zina. Amakhala ndi kukana kwambiri kutentha kwambiri komanso dzimbiri, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzamlengalenga, zamlengalenga komanso m'minda yama mankhwala.
Zinthu zakuthupi: mphamvu yayikulu, kukana kutentha kwambiri, kukana kwa dzimbiri, kukana kwa okosijeni, kukhazikika kwamafuta abwino.
Zida zolangizidwa: zida za carbide, chithandizo cha zokutira (monga TiAlN) kukana kutentha kwakukulu ndi kuvala. mongachobowola cholimba cha carbide.
7. Mkuwa
Copper ndi chitsulo chokhala ndi magetsi abwino kwambiri komanso matenthedwe otenthetsera, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamagetsi, zomangamanga ndi zosinthira kutentha.
Zinthu zakuthupi: zabwino zamagetsi ndi matenthedwe madulidwe, kukana dzimbiri, kukonza kosavuta, antimicrobial properties.
Zida zovomerezeka: Zida zazitsulo zothamanga kwambiri (HSS) kapena tungsten zitsulo (carbide) kuti zitsimikizire kudula koyera. mongahss kupotoza kubowola.
8. Chitsulo choponyera
Cast iron ndi mtundu wa aloyi wachitsulo wokhala ndi mpweya wambiri. Ili ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri oponya ndi kugwedera, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga makina, magalimoto ndi zomangamanga.
Makhalidwe azinthu: kuuma kwakukulu, katundu wabwino woponya, katundu wabwino wogwedera, kukana kuvala, kuphulika.
Zida zovomerezeka: Zida za Carbide, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosaphimbidwa kapena zokutira ndi TiCN. mongachobowola cholimba cha carbide.
9. Superalloys
Ma Superalloys ndi gulu la zida zokhala ndi mphamvu zotentha kwambiri komanso kukana kwa okosijeni, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale azamlengalenga ndi mphamvu.
Makhalidwe azinthu: mphamvu ya kutentha kwambiri, kukana kwa okosijeni, kukana kukwawa, kukana kwa dzimbiri.
Zida zovomerezeka: CBN (cubic boron nitride) kapena zida za ceramic ndizoyenera kugwiritsira ntchito aloyi yotentha iyi.
10. Zitsulo zotenthedwa ndi kutentha
Chitsulo chotenthedwa ndi kutentha chimazimitsidwa ndi kutenthedwa kuti chipereke kuuma kwakukulu ndi mphamvu, ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida ndi nkhungu.
Makhalidwe azinthu: kuuma kwakukulu, mphamvu zambiri, kuvala kukana, kukana kutentha.
Zida zovomerezeka: zida za carbide kapena zida zokutira (mwachitsanzo, TiAlN), zosagwirizana ndi kutentha kwambiri komanso kuvala kwambiri. mongachobowola cholimba cha carbide.
11. Aluminiyamu-magnesium aloyi
Aluminium-magnesium alloys amachokera ku aluminiyumu, yokhala ndi magnesium yowonjezeredwa kuti iwonjezere mphamvu komanso kukana dzimbiri, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale am'mlengalenga ndi magalimoto.
Makhalidwe azinthu: opepuka, mphamvu yayikulu, kukana dzimbiri, makina abwino.
Zida zovomerezeka: Tungsten carbide (tungsten carbide) kapena zitsulo zothamanga kwambiri (HSS), zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakutidwa ndi TiCN. mongahss kupotoza kubowola.
12. Magnesium Aloyi
Magnesium alloys ndi ma aloyi opangidwa ndi magnesium okhala ndi kulemera kopepuka komanso mawonekedwe abwino amakina, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzamlengalenga ndi zamagetsi.
Zinthu zakuthupi: kulemera kopepuka, machinability abwino, matenthedwe abwino amafuta, kuyaka.
Zida zovomerezeka: chitsulo cha tungsten (tungsten carbide) kapena zida zothamanga kwambiri (HSS). Malo otsika osungunuka ndi kuyaka kwa zinthu ziyenera kuganiziridwa. mongachobowola cholimba cha carbide.
13. Titaniyamu Yoyera
Titaniyamu yoyera imakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zogwiritsidwa ntchito muzamlengalenga, zachipatala ndi zamankhwala chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zambiri, kachulukidwe kakang'ono komanso kukana bwino kwa dzimbiri.
Makhalidwe azinthu: mphamvu yayikulu, kachulukidwe kochepa, kukana kwa dzimbiri, kuyanjana kwabwino kwachilengedwe.
Zida zolangizidwa: zida zopangidwa mwapadera za carbide kapena zida za ceramic zomwe zimafunikira kusamva komanso kupewa kumamatira. mongachobowola cholimba cha carbide.
14. Zinc aloyi
Zinc alloys amapangidwa kuchokera ku zinki ndikuwonjezera zinthu zina (mwachitsanzo aluminiyamu, mkuwa) ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zida zakufa ndi zinthu zokongoletsera.
Makhalidwe azinthu: kuponyera kosavuta, malo otsika osungunuka, makina abwino amakina komanso kukana dzimbiri.
Zida zovomerezeka: Chitsulo chothamanga kwambiri (HSS) kapena chitsulo cha tungsten (tungsten carbide) zida zowonetsetsa kuti ntchito yodula ndi yapamwamba. mongahss kupotoza kubowola.
15. Nickel-titanium alloy (Nitinol)
Nitinol ndi alloy yokhala ndi kukumbukira komanso superelasticity, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazida zamankhwala komanso zakuthambo.
Makhalidwe azinthu: kukumbukira, superelasticity, kukana kwa dzimbiri, biocompatibility yabwino.
Zida zolangizidwa: Zida za Carbide, kukana kuvala kwambiri komanso kutentha kwambiri kumafunika. mongachobowola cholimba cha carbide.
16. Magnesium-aluminium alloys
Magnesium-aluminium alloy amaphatikiza ubwino wa magnesium ndi aluminiyamu, kulemera kwake ndi mphamvu zambiri, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale oyendetsa ndege ndi magalimoto.
Makhalidwe azinthu: opepuka, mphamvu yayikulu, kukana dzimbiri, machinability abwino, kuyaka.
Zida zovomerezeka: zitsulo zothamanga kwambiri (HSS) kapena tungsten zitsulo (carbide) zida, poganizira kutentha kwa zinthuzo. mongahss kupotoza kubowola.
17. Zitsulo zolimba kwambiri
Zitsulo zolimba kwambiri zimathandizidwa mwapadera kuti zipereke kulimba kwambiri komanso kukana kuvala ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga nkhungu ndi kupanga zida.
Makhalidwe azinthu: kuuma kwambiri, mphamvu zambiri, kukana kuvala, kukana kutentha kwambiri.
Zida zolimbikitsidwa: CBN (Cubic Boron Nitride) kapena zida za ceramic zopangira kuuma kwambiri.
18. Zosakaniza zagolide
Mafuta a golide amapangidwa ndi golide wosakanikirana ndi zinthu zina zachitsulo (monga siliva, mkuwa) ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzodzikongoletsera, zamagetsi ndi zipangizo zamankhwala.
Makhalidwe azinthu: magetsi abwino kwambiri ndi matenthedwe madutsidwe, kukana kwa dzimbiri, ductility mkulu, kukana makutidwe ndi okosijeni.
Zida zovomerezeka: Zida zazitsulo zothamanga kwambiri (HSS) kapena tungsten zitsulo (carbide) kuti zitsimikizire kulondola ndi kutsiriza mu kudula. mongachobowola cholimba cha carbide.
19. Zosakaniza zasiliva
Ma aloyi a siliva amapangidwa ndi siliva wosakanikirana ndi zinthu zina zachitsulo (monga mkuwa, zinki) ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazolumikizana zamagetsi, zodzikongoletsera ndi ndalama.
Makhalidwe azinthu: zabwino kwambiri zamagetsi ndi matenthedwe madutsidwe, kukana dzimbiri, ductility mkulu.
Zida zovomerezeka: Zida zazitsulo zothamanga kwambiri (HSS) kapena tungsten zitsulo (carbide), zomwe ziyenera kukhala zakuthwa komanso zolimba. Mongachobowola cholimba cha carbide.
20. Chromium-molybdenum chitsulo
Chitsulo cha Chromium-molybdenum ndi chitsulo chotsika kwambiri chokhala ndi chromium ndi molybdenum, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzotengera zokakamiza, zida za petrochemical ndi zida zamakina.
Makhalidwe azinthu: mphamvu zambiri, kulimba bwino, kukana kuvala, kutentha kwakukulu ndi dzimbiri.
Zida zolimbikitsidwa: Zida za Carbide, zopangira makina opangira zitsulo zamphamvu kwambiri. mongachobowola cholimba cha carbide.
Zithunzi
21. Chitsulo cha Tungsten
Chitsulo cha Tungsten ndi aloyi yolimba yopangidwa ndi tungsten carbide ndi cobalt. Ili ndi kuuma kwambiri komanso kukana kuvala ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zida zodulira ndi ma abrasives.
Makhalidwe azinthu: Kulimba kwambiri, kukana kuvala, kukana kutentha kwambiri, komanso kukana mapindikidwe.
Zida zovomerezeka: CBN (Cubic Boron Nitride) kapena diamondi (PCD) zida, zoyenera kugwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zolimba kwambiri.
22. Tungsten-cobalt aloyi
Tungsten-cobalt alloy ndi aloyi yolimba yomwe imakhala ndi tungsten ndi cobalt yokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso kukana kuvala, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri podula ndi popera zida.
Makhalidwe azinthu: mphamvu zambiri, kukana kuvala, kukana kutentha kwabwino, komanso kukana kwambiri.
Zida zolimbikitsidwa: Zida za simenti za carbide, zosavala komanso zolimba kwambiri.
23. beriliyamu mkuwa aloyi
Beryllium copper alloy imakhala ndi mkuwa ndi beryllium, yokhala ndi zida zabwino kwambiri zamakina ndi madulidwe amagetsi, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga akasupe, magawo olumikizana ndi zida.
Makhalidwe azinthu: kulimba kwakukulu, kuuma kwakukulu, magetsi abwino ndi matenthedwe matenthedwe, kukana kwa dzimbiri, osagwiritsa ntchito maginito.
Zida zovomerezeka: zitsulo zothamanga kwambiri (HSS) kapena tungsten zitsulo (carbide) zida zowonetsetsa kuti makinawa ali olondola komanso omaliza. Mongachobowola cholimba cha carbide.
24. Aloyi yotentha kwambiri (Inconel)
Inconel ndi nickel-chromium yochokera kutentha kwambiri ndi kutentha kwambiri komanso kukana dzimbiri, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzamlengalenga ndi zida zama mankhwala.
Zinthu zakuthupi: mphamvu yayikulu, kukana kutentha kwambiri, kukana kwa dzimbiri, kukana kwa okosijeni, kukhazikika kwamafuta abwino.
Zida zovomerezeka: zida za carbide kapena zida za ceramic, kupaka mankhwala (monga TiAlN) kukana kutentha kwambiri. Mongachobowola cholimba cha carbide.
25. Chitsulo chapamwamba cha chromium
High-chromium cast iron ndi mtundu wachitsulo chopangidwa ndi chromium chokwera kwambiri, chomwe chimakhala ndi mavalidwe abwino kwambiri komanso kukana dzimbiri, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazida zopumira ndi zida zobvala.
Makhalidwe azinthu: kuuma kwakukulu, kukana kwambiri kuvala, kukana kwa dzimbiri, kukana kwa okosijeni.
Zida zovomerezeka: zida za carbide kapena CBN (cubic boron nitride) zida zopangira chitsulo cholimba kwambiri. Mongachobowola cholimba cha carbide.
26. Chitsulo chapamwamba cha manganese
Chitsulo chachikulu cha manganese ndi mtundu wa kukana kwamphamvu kwambiri komanso chitsulo champhamvu kwambiri, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakina amigodi ndi zida zanjanji.
Makhalidwe azinthu: kukana kwambiri kuvala, mphamvu zambiri, kukana kwabwino, kuvala kuumitsa.
Zida zovomerezeka: Zida za Carbide, zosavala komanso zolimba kwambiri. Mongachobowola cholimba cha carbide.
27. Molybdenum aloyi
Ma molybdenum alloys ali ndi molybdenum, ali ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso kuuma kwakukulu, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zomangira m'malo otentha kwambiri komanso amphamvu kwambiri.
Makhalidwe azinthu: mphamvu yayikulu, kuuma kwakukulu, kukana bwino kutentha kwambiri, kukana kwa dzimbiri.
Zida zolimbikitsidwa: Zida za Carbide, zoyenera kulimba kwambiri komanso zida zolimba kwambiri. Mongachobowola cholimba cha carbide.
28. Chitsulo cha Kaboni
Mpweya wa carbon ndi chitsulo chokhala ndi mpweya wa carbon pakati pa 0.02% ndi 2.11%. Katundu wake amasiyana malinga ndi mpweya wa carbon ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga, milatho, magalimoto ndi kupanga zombo.
Zinthu zakuthupi: kulimba kwambiri, kulimba kwabwino komanso pulasitiki, zotsika mtengo, zosavuta kuwotcherera komanso kutentha.
Zida zovomerezeka: Chitsulo chothamanga kwambiri (HSS) kapena zida za carbide zopangira makina wamba wa carbon steel.
29. Zitsulo zochepa za alloy
Zitsulo zotsika ndi zitsulo zomwe katundu wake amakulitsidwa ndi kuwonjezera kwa zinthu zazing'ono za alloying (monga chromium, faifi tambala, molybdenum) ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muukadaulo wamakina ndi zomangamanga.
Makhalidwe azinthu: mphamvu yayikulu, kulimba kwabwino, kukana kuvala, makina osavuta.
Zida zovomerezeka: Chitsulo chothamanga kwambiri (HSS) kapena zida za carbide zopangira makina ambiri. Mongachobowola cholimba cha carbide.
30. Zitsulo zamphamvu kwambiri
Zitsulo zamphamvu kwambiri zimakhala zotenthedwa kapena zowonjezera zimawonjezeredwa kuti zipeze mphamvu zambiri ndi kuuma, ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakampani opanga magalimoto ndi zomangamanga.
Makhalidwe azinthu: mphamvu yayikulu, kuuma kwakukulu, kukana kuvala, kulimba kwabwino.
Zida zolimbikitsidwa: Zida za Carbide zokana kuvala komanso mphamvu zambiri. Mongachobowola cholimba cha carbide.
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jason@wayleading.com
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Nthawi yotumiza: May-18-2024
